UPSAC 2020 Yo, I won the first, best paper prize! 😁

UPASC- 2020

Receiving best poster award

In the picture, I am with, Capt. Vikas Gupta, Dr I.N. Mukherjees, Dr P.K Singh,  Professor IAS BHU, &  Dr Trilochan Mahapatra, well-known biotechnologist and Plant Breeder and DG of ICAR, Delhi

                    5^th UTTAR PRADESH AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE CONGRESS 2020  (UPASC-20) is UPCAR and Agricultural Research Council of India organised symposium (happened month of February, late post, because I just got the time to share).

The symposium was supported by five major agriculture institute in India which includes NABARD, International Potato Research Center, IARI, New Delhi, UPCAR, IAS BHU, Looking back, I feel like I have improved my presentation skills over time since I joined Masters. Before coming out of my home town, I used to think, "OMG, I am little stammer also not a Fluent English speaker, a guy from a small town, also I am just a master student while maximum participants pursuing their PhD in the respective subject in well known Institute and research centre in nationwide,  I am no way comparable to these Students who already from very decent background and no matter how hard I try but how can I compete against them"

Even though I am not a trained public speaker in my mother tongue. I attend many Conferences and such competition before in my UGs but that situation is much different. however, speaking in English, I was never that confident!

However, after coming at BHU, I have changed my perception. I have developed my confidence in presenting science, in English! I don't consider myself a pro-presenter, however here are certain things I follow while making slides for any presentation:

 

1) The audience - knowing the audience helps in the tailor-making introduction, to decide the extent of simplification required.

2) Time limit - to decide the amount of content.

3) The storyline or the flow: This includes deciding what goes first, second, third and so on. Choosing the important data that is required to support the story. i.e the most important finding. Definitely, it is impossible to present all the data you have!

4) Colour or theme: I prefer black text, white background and pink and green for text highlights. 

I think it is better to use multi colours.

5) Animations: I like using the "appear" animation in my slides as it helps in getting the focus to what I am talking as I click

6) Practice: No matter how much experienced you are, it is always best to practice. This helps in efficient time management and in adding or removing a few slides.

Hope this helps, is anything missing here? Add in the comments if any!

 

Tuberculosis & COVID-19 Pandemic

Tuberculosis & COVID-19 Pandemic

Corona-viruses are a large family of viruses that usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold, in people. There are hundreds of corona-viruses, most of which circulate among animals including pigs, camels, bats, and cats. Sometimes those viruses jump to humans—called a spillover event—and can cause disease. After a Pandemic outbreak from china, The disease is now called COVID-19. 

The virus has caused a widespread outbreak of disease similar to SARS throughout China, with exported cases occurring in 183 other countries, including India. 

Ultrastructure of  COVID-19

But, you need not suffer from this evil COVID-19, else we can say, you will not get affected with COVID-19 at all if you had vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (Vaccine for Tuberculosis)

Yes! Sam Behar, and his colleague at the Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, US. Recently published a peer-reviewed paper and show that “ BCG stimulates general immune response” called Trained Immunity. This results in faster response to infections that could reduce the severity of disease and lead to faster recovery.

BCG —(Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) developed in 1921 in France Epidemiological data, however, showed it could be effective against the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). This vaccine is composed of a live, weakened strain of the bacterium Mycobacterium Bovis, related to tuberculosis (TB) pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Trained Immunity

How Vaccines Works ...

when you are attacked by a microbe, the innate immune system started doing his duty.

Monocytes - types of white blood cells — penetrate the infected tissue, convert to macrophages and provide the first line of defense.

But Vaccines, on the other hand, lead to the development of the acquired immune system in the human body. This works slowly and focuses specifically on certain invaders.

BCG vaccination has been shown to produce positive “heterologous” or non-specific immune effects leading to improved response against other non-mycobacterial pathogens. For instance, BCG vaccinated mice infected with the virus were protected by increased IFN-Y production from CD4+ cell. 

This phenomenon is called Trained immunity and is proposed to be caused by metabolic and epigenetic changes leading to the promotion of genetic regions encoding for pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Multiplication of COVID-19 in alveoli cells. 

BCG vaccination significantly increases the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically, IL-1B, which has been shown to play a vital role in antiviral immunity. 

The correlation between the beginning of universal BCG vaccination and the protection against COVID-19 suggests that

BCG might confer long-lasting protection against the current strain of coronavirus. 

However, randomized controlled trials using BCG are required to determine how fast an immune response develops that protects against COVID-19. BCG is generally innocuous with the main side effect of the development of inflammation at the site of injection so care should be taken when applying these possible interventions for COVID-19.

I'm trying to understand the molecular mechanism behind this, and, once I'm clear with it, I'll share it with you.

Understood this relation? Got any doubt? anything wrong in my explanation? Kindly comment and I would try to reply or correct as soon as possible.

Disclaimer: I wrote this article based on my understanding after reading a paper. There may be mistakes. If you find any, kindly let me know with your valuable comments.

References :

• Kristensen, I., Aaby, P. & Jensen, H. Routine vaccinations and child survival: Follow up study in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. Br. Med. J. 321, 1435–1439 (2000).
• Zwerling, A. et al. The BCG world atlas: A database of global BCG vaccination policies and practices. PLoS Med. 8, (2011).
• Zhou, F. et al. Articles Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China : a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 6736, 1–9 (2020).
• Japan was expecting a coronavirus explosion. Where is it? | The Japan Times. Available at: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/03/20/national/coronavirus-explosion expected-japan/#.XnllWahKjIU. (Accessed: 23rd March 2020)
• Development and expectation of the tuberculosis service system in China. Available at: http://www.zgflzz.cn/EN/Y2012/V34/I9/557. (Accessed: 24th March 2020)
• Komine-Aizawa, S. et al. Influence of advanced age on Mycobacterium Bovis BCG vaccination in guinea pigs iatrogenically infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 17, 1500–1506 (2010).
• Moorlag, S. J. C. F. M., Arts, R. J. W., van Crevel, R. & Netea, M. G. Non-specific effects of BCG vaccine on viral infections. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 25, 1473–1478 (2019).
• Horwitz, M. A., Harth, G., Dillon, B. J. & Masleša-Galić, S. Commonly administered BCG strains including an evolutionarily early strain and evolutionarily late strains of disparate genealogy induce comparable protective immunity against tuberculosis. Vaccine 27, 441– 445 (2009).
• Fact Sheets | Infection Control & Prevention | Fact Sheet - BCG Vaccine | TB | CDC. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/prevention/bcg.htm. (Accessed: 23rd March 2020)

I'm telling you!

It's not a letter, no poem, but it's just sure it's for you!

The relationship between heaven and earth is only by you and me, yes, from the distance, it looks like it's bundled, but never been together!

You know, the star and the moon do not know where the distance is, and you can be enjoying it, but what to do, is not the moon all day, just like our friendship, Many time.

It's you!

After sleeping, wake up in the middle of the night and call you and talk to the laugh and dream of everything I've dreamed of, but, bar, even the story that is nothing is sweet. You and me!

Your favorite song and my favorite song, and after four hours of change, we do not get bored and we continue to chat even five hours.

My favorite activities, how did you find it, talk to me and talk to me in just one hour? What can I easily imagine my mind?

"You're so sweet," I'm saying the word word nowadays. What is the use of The only time you've got, the only thing you've got to find is the only thing left! Today it seems to me that it's too late for you and me to talk to me and to speak on that day!

"What's up" is what you say. You are going to take everything that I do.You sin, what are you doing, no other way? You do all the things I'm doing all the time! I have not said this before, and now I say, "You and all the lords that you are making," she said!

"I will not talk today." I will tell you it's easy, I'm sorry, how is your face going to be heard?

I know that, when you finish reading it, run to me and say beautifully, "Look at me".

I'm waiting for that! Where are you going to say ?

ग्रुप्स आणि मी

प्रत्येकाला काही न काही अडचणी असतात. कोणी बोलतं, कोणी बोलत नाही. कोणी आपापले मार्ग आपणच शोधतात, कोणी इतरांना विचारतात.

पण ह्या सगळ्या प्रोसेस मधे सोबत कोणीतरी हवं असतं. नेहमी सगळा प्रॉब्लेम शेअर केला जाईल असही नाही. पण नुसतं बोलायला, व्हेंट आऊट व्हायला हवं असतं.

कधी माहिती - मदतहवी असते. या सगळ्यामधे प्रत्येकाच्या कॉंट्रीब्युशन असते, असावी लागते. कधी नुसतं एेकून घ्यायची, कधी सल्ले देण्याची,
*टर्न बाय टर्न हे प्रत्येकानं केलं तर गृप घट्ट होत जातो*

कधी एखादीला सतत माहितीच हवी, ती मात्र इतरांच्या मदतीला येत नाही, असं झालं की मग हा बंध सैल होऊ लागतो. सतत एकीलाच पँपर करत रहाणं हेही काही फार संयुक्तिक नाही.

तसच कधीतरी तुमची चूक दाखवली जाऊ शकते हेही लक्षात घ्यायला हवं.

तर कधी कोणीच मदतीला येऊ शकत नाही हेही समजून घेतलं पाहिजे.

प्रत्येकाचं मत वेगळं, अनुभव वेगळा, स्वभाव वेगळा,... हे प्रत्येकानेच समजून घ्यायला हवं.
आणि समजा एखाद्याला नाही समजलं एखाद वेळेस तर ते सोडूनही देता आलं पाहिजे.

सर्वात महत्वाचे म्हणजे गृप मधून बाहेर पडताना, नीट सांगून बाहेर पडायला हवं. परतीची वाट ओपन ठेवा.

हे सगळं लिहितोय ते खर तर माझं मलाच सांगतोय. सो नो ऑफेन्स प्लिज